植入式胶囊渗透压泵

 

    Alzet Osmotic Pumps 是体积只有胶囊大小的滲透压泵，可植入实验动物皮下或腹腔内,  直接或通过导管以 µl/小时 的速度持续准确地输注测试药剂。这种输注根据所使用的泵，可以在动物清醒无束缚条件下最長持续6个星期。 

 

 

   Alzet Osmotic Pumps符合 USP 医疗用塑胶材料生物相容性标准，适合植入实验动物体內，针对特定部位給药，或將药剂用导管导入作用部位, 例如: 脊髓及颅腔内, 血管内, 肝脏, 脾脏及其它脏器肿瘤和创伤处。
    在全球各地八千项生命科学实验研究中,  Alzet pumps已成功的运送上百种药剂，包括蛋白质, 多肽, 生长因子, 基因研究及治疗中的Antisense 和 最新的干扰RNA ( RNAi), 抗生素, 化疗药, 激素, 类固醇及其它短效期的化合物。特别在心血管疾病及神经系统疾病的研究中, 通过ALZET Osmotic pumps持续给药还可以建立多种疾病的动物模型, 如高血压及Parkinson帕金森病的动物模型。加上成千上万篇的文献支持，使其在动物细胞给药、动物模型建构、药物及分子筛选、药理药代药效等众多领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

技术参数:
共有3个容量尺寸，12个型号的渗透压泵。各型号泵的缓释速率及持续时间不同。见下图：

·       AlZET脑输注附件套
    ALZET微渗透压泵通过脑输注附件套，进行直接的脑部药物输注。已经有成百上千关于神经科学的文献发表，输注的药物包括生长因子，siRNA，精神药物等。


PE聚乙烯实验导管和Vinyl乙烯基实验导管
    ALZET微渗透泵通过实验导管，可将物质输注到动静脉循环，脑部，任何器官腔内，或固体组织内。
PE管及VINYL管技术参数:


导管

 

·       大鼠颈静脉导管

·       大鼠股动脉导管

·       大鼠鞘内导管

·       小鼠颈静脉导管

·       小鼠鞘内导管

 

ALZET Osmotic pumps are miniature, implantable pumps used for research in mice, rats, and other laboratory animals. These infusion pumps continuously deliver drugs, hormones, and other test agents at controlled rates from one day to four weeks without the need for external connections or frequent handling. Their unattended operation eliminates the need for repeated nighttime or weekend dosing.

    ALZET pumps can be used for systemic administration when implanted subcutaneously or intraperitoneally. They can be attached to a catheter for intravenous, intracerebral, or intra-arterial infusion. ALZET pumps can also be used for targeted delivery, where the effects of a drug or test agent are localized in a particular tissue or organ, by means of a catheter. The pumps have been used to target delivery to a wide variety of sites including the spinal cord, spleen, liver, organ or tissue transplants, and wound healing sites.    

      ALZET pumps have been used in thousands of studies on the effects of controlled delivery of a wide range of experimental agents, including peptides, growth factors, cytokines, chemotherapeutic drugs, addictive drugs, hormones, steroids, and antibodies. Due to the unique mechanism by which ALZET pumps operate, compounds of any molecular conformation can be delivered predictably at controlled rates, independent of their physical and chemical properties. A bibliography of pump work which has been documented in the scientific literature is available, as is information on the osmotic delivery mechanism of ALZET pumps.

Specifications and Materials

The tables below review the specifications, dimensions and materials of ALZET osmotic pumps.

(Point and click on the pump model link to download a PDF version of the "instruction and specification sheet" for the selected pump model)

ALZET Pump Model	1003D	1007D	1002	2001D	2001	2002	2004	2ML1	2ML2	2ML4
Nominal Pumping Rate (µL/hr)	1.0	0.5	0.25	8.0	1.0	0.5	0.25	10.0	5.0	2.5
Nominal Duration	3 Days	7 Days	14 Days	1 Day	1 Week	2 Weeks	4 Weeks	1 Week	2 Weeks	4 Weeks
Nominal Reservoir Volume	100 µL			200 µL				2 mL

Note: the nominal performance is a target for all pumps manufactured. Individual lots of pumps may vary from this target within limits. Each lot of ALZET osmotic pumps is tested at DURECT to determine the exact pumping rate and reservoir volume and to ensure accurate compound delivery. These data are provided with each order.  

ALZET Pump Model	1003D	1007D	1002	2001D	2001	2002	2004	2ML1	2ML2	2ML4
Length (cm)	1.5			3.0				5.1
Diameter (cm)	0.6			0.7				1.4
Weight (g)	0.4			1.1				5.1
Total Displaced Volume (ml)	0.5			1.0				6.5

 

 

ALZET Pump Model	1003D	1007D	1002	2001D	2001	2002	2004	2ML1	2ML2	2ML4
Length (cm, tube only)	1.1			2.2				3.5
Gauge (tube)	27			27				25
O.D. (cm)	0.04			0.04				0.05
I.D. (cm)	0.02			0.02				0.03

ALZET Pump Model	1003D	1007D	1002	2001D	2001	2002	2004	2ML1	2ML2	2ML4
Length (cm)	1.3			2.4				4.6
Gauge (tube)	21			21				21
O.D. (cm, tube)	0.08			0.08				0.08
I.D. (cm, tube)	0.05			0.05				0.05
Weight (g)	0.05			0.2				0.9
Material (flange)	Styrene Acrylonitrile
Material (cap)	N/A			Polyethylene
Material (tube)	Stainless Steel 304

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pump Materials:     All ALZET pumps are composed of the following materials:

Outer Membrane: Cellulose Ester Blend

Drug Reservoir: Thermoplastic Hydrocarbon Elastomer

 

Frequently Asked Questions About ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps

The following topics are covered:

ALZET pumps operate by osmotic displacement. An empty reservoir within the core of the pump is filled with the drug or hormone solution to be delivered. Due to the presence of a high concentration of salt in a chamber surrounding the reservoir (but isolated from it by an impermeable layer), water enters the pump through its outer surface (a semipermeable layer). The entry of water increases the volume in the salt chamber, causing compression of the flexible reservoir and delivery of the drug solution into the animal via the exit port.

Yes, the delivery rate of ALZET pumps is linear. Each batch of pumps is calibrated in our Quality Assurance laboratories. The mean rate of delivery, the accuracy of pumping over time, and pump-to-pump consistency are all measured. The resulting release rate and fill volume (including standard deviations) are provided to you on the instruction sheet in each box of pumps.

ALZET pumps are most commonly used in rodents. The pumps may be implanted in animals other than rodents such as primates, pigs, sheep, rabbits, dogs, chickens, cattle, fish, and cats. In animals which are not homeothermic, the pumping rate of osmotic pumps may be different than the specified rate. Equations are available which allow researchers to calculate the temperature dependent pumping rate at a given body temperature.

Minimum rodent sizes for implantation are given in the following table:

N.R. = Implantation is not recommended
N.A. = Not applicable

Please note: The minimum animal size estimates are based on our experience with male Sprague Dawley rats and Swiss Webster mice. When using the pumps with other strains or genders of rats and mice, or with animals other than rodents, these guidelines should be modified accordingly.

Virtually every compound can be delivered by the pumps, including peptides, hormones, steroids, radioisotopes, chemotherapeutic agents, growth factors, antibiotics, and pharmaceuticals. Molecular weight, physical conformation, and chemical properties do not affect the delivery rate of a given compound. For information about the delivery of a specific compound or class of compounds, please contact ALZET Technical Services by e-mail at alzet@durect.com or by phone at (800) 692-2990 or (408) 367-4036. Additionally, your agent may be listed in our bibliography posted on our web site.

For systemic administration, ALZET pumps can be implanted subcutaneously or intraperitoneally. ALZET pumps can also be attached to a catheter for intravenous, intra-arterial, intraluminal, intragastric, or intracranial administration. Attachment to a catheter does not change the pumping rate of the pumps, nor are any special materials required to connect catheter tubing to the pumps. Refer to Catheter Applications for instructions.

The table shown below lists solvents known to be compatible with ALZET pumps. Additional solvents may be compatible, but should be tested before use with the ALZAID Test Kit.

·        Acids, with pH greater than 1.8

·        Bases, with pH less than 14

·        Cremophor EL, up to 25% in water

·        Culture media (1% benzyl alcohol as bacteriostatic)

·        Dextrose, up to 5%, in water or NaCl

·        N,N-Dimethyl formamide (DMF), up to 25% in water

·        DMSO, up to 50% in water or polyethylene glycol

·        DMSO, up to 50% in ethanol (≤15% ) and water

·        Ethanol, up to 15% in water

·        Glycerol

·        1-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone, up to 12.5% in water

·        Phosphate buffer

·        Polyethylene glycol 300 or 400, neat or in water

·        Propylene glycol, neat or in water

·        Ringer’s solution (with or without lactate)

·        Saline, 0.9% (or other aqueous salt solution)

·        Serum (rat, mouse, etc.)

·        Solutol, up to 30% in water

·        Triacetin, up to 5% in water

·        Tween 80, up to 2%

·        Water, distilled

Natural oils and organic solvents are NOT compatible with ALZET pumps. Contact with these substances can result in pump malfunction.

Subcutaneous implantation is a simple surgical procedure which can usually be performed very quickly. For more information on surgical procedures, or for a videotape of surgical techniques, contact ALZET Technical Services by e-mail at alzet@durect.com or by phone at (800) 692-2990 or (408) 367-4036.

No, they cannot be reused. Because of their mechanism of operation, ALZET pumps can only be used a single time. The implantation of used pumps as control or sham pumps is not recommended as these pumps will swell and can leak concentrated salt solutions.

ALZET pumps are have a shelf life of at least 5 to 7 years if stored at room temperature in their original package. Exposure to the following conditions should be avoided:

·        Excessive heat (above 120°F)

·        Freezing 

·        Refrigeration (refrigerated environments are moisture-rich)

·        Excessive moisture or humidity

The actual duration of an ALZET pump is at least as long as the specified duration. In many cases it may be 10% to 20% longer than the stated duration due to variations in the reservoir volume and pumping rate of specific lots. To calculate the actual duration perform the following steps:

Usable Reservoir Volume = Reservoir Volume x 0.95

Duration (hours) = Usable Reservoir Volume (µl) / Mean Pumping Rate (µl/hr)

Duration (days) = Duration (hours) / 24