题目：Production Screen Tester  PST测试仪

简单介绍

1为什么采用裸眼完井, 容易,每个人都能完成,  增加生产力降低泵压,延长设备的寿命.

2设计钻井液满足需要,油藏需求(无伤害,砂控需求,)最终目标是开采能力,  钻井需求(井壁稳定性,压力控制,渗透率rate of penetration ROP,钻井方向控制)最终目标是节省时间和开支.完井需求(井下设备,完井过程,解决潜在问题,处理固相)钻井和完井在同一阶段完成，这样就会减少时间和花费。所以在钻井过程中井底会一直有低固相的钻井液，此时将固井所需要的装置下到井里面，这时候钻井液的性能就显得非常关键了，尤其是钻井液中的固相颗粒的大小、分布、浓度，这些性能要与钻井液一开始设计的参数保持一致。另外在泥浆使用初期，泥浆通过钻杆与井壁的环形空间返回地面，但是将阀关闭后，钻井液中的固相就会将筛网堵住，并且腐蚀筛网，所以需要一款仪器来进行评价泥浆的这种性能。

PST（Production Screen Tester）测定仪也叫泥浆滤网滤失仪，它是一款多功能测试的仪器，可以用于做砂层滤失，也可以做滤网滤失。该仪器可以选用几种类型的滤网，或者几种类型滤网的组合；也可以用滤网包裹砂层进行测试。经验显示用固控设备除去钻井液中的固体颗粒，对于钻井是很好的，而且可以避免筛网的堵塞。一旦滤网堵塞，将严重影响进度。

PST（Production Screen Tester）也可以用于研究泥浆的流动性，流动性是继泥浆黏度另外一种表征泥浆特性的，它是一个时间值，泥浆黏度小流动性越好。流动性如果很好的话，可以指导现场。比如，清理泥浆罐是费时间和金钱的，保证了泥浆流动性，泥浆罐内的沉降将会大大减少，从而节省人力物力。

北京科氏力科学仪器有限公司经过现场和实验室的调查和研究研制出了一款方便、简单、实用的仪器PST（Production Screen Tester）；以便于现场和泥浆生产厂家控制产品质量，提供最优产品。PST已经广泛应用到了各个实验室及其钻井现场。该仪器框架采用铝合金并喷涂防化学介质涂层，防止仪器在使用的过程中发生腐蚀，与样品接触主体杯、底部端帽、内部的组合、筛网采用316不锈钢，极其耐腐蚀，并配有抗震箱，可以将配件放入箱内，极其适合现场使用。

Maintemnance

PRODUCTION SCREEN TESTER (pst).The correct design and maintenance of a reservoir drill in fluid is critical where open-hole completions are planned.the particle-size distribution of solids in the open hole must be carefully chosen, primarily to bridge across the exposed formation, but it may also permit flow-back through the openings in the completion assembly. Initial fluid design and testing must be done in the laboratory, but once drilling has started in the reservoir, any flow-back testing on field samples normally requires urgent shipping to shore, resulting in delays of days between sampling and test results. My company (Beijing coriolis instrument company) has designed the PST to perform onsite testing of fluid flow-back at the rigsite. The unit allows field fluid to be tested in real-time on samples of identical completion screen. This test also assists in determining the optimum cleanup chemistry such as our BREAKFREE or BREAKOVER treatments.

Tank cleaning is a product and service that has been used in various markets for a number of years but with varying degrees of success and not using the available technology to its full potential. Traditionally, it has been done with readily available tank cleaning nozzles and small air diaphragm pumps or centrifugal pumps, which generally doesn't supply an adequate volume or pressure of wash solution. Hence, this method often results in man entry into tanks to clean up solids and mud not removed by the cleaning process. However, man entry to tanks for cleaning brings up a host of QHSE issues as employees get exposed to potential incident

Completion Requirements On Time & Under $

Insert Equipment

Complete Process

Remove Potential Barriers

Stimulate ?

Produce

Unimpeded Production w/

Managed Solids

ts/accidents associated with working in a hazardous environment. The traditional method of tank cleaning is also very time consuming and a labour intensive exercise. And so there was the push to innovate a system that would reduce the time taken to clean mud tanks and thus minimise any potential non productive time and also address the QHSE issue of man entry for cleaning.

Scomi Oiltools' response was to develop the Automated 'Clean in Place' Tank Cleaning system. This closed loop automated system completely eliminated human entry to the tanks, greatly reduced the time required to clean mud tanks on offshore drilling rigs and reduced the amount of waste generated when cleaning mud tanks. And we had a client ready to test our innovative system on their rigs, the Transocean Sedco 706 and the Scarabeo 8. Our design process analysed various aspects; the design and geometry of the various mud tanks, the size and number of wash nozzles required per mud tank, the number of tanks to be cleaned at once, the wash fluid return system and pump skid design. Working together with the operator and the drilling contractor, the mud tank design was studied in detail and a tank nozzle shadow study was conducted. The shadow study is a critical part of the whole process. The shadow study is a programme that simulates the mud tank and the cleaning process to identify the number of wash nozzles required per tank and the placement of these nozzles to maximise cleaning efficiency. The shadow study also explores the placement of agitators, mud guns and pipe work inside the tank and predicts the influence on the cleaning process and therefore the nozzle placement can be optimised to maximise its performance.

Both drilling and completion engineers have come to appreciate the benefits provided by Scomi’s techniques and prototype equipment which are used to design and develop reservoir drill-in fluid formulations for water based, synthetic based and formate muds.

Non-gravel packed open hole completions have become a preferred technique when engineering economical high angle and horizontal wells. For both conventional and expandable sand screen installations, selection of screen type and opening is critical to retain sand and avoid excessive damage to downstream production equipment. At the same time, plugging of screens by drilling fluid components or produced sand, must be minimised to prevent reduction in produced oil. A middle ground of good control of sand and unimpaired well productivity is sought.

Until recently screen plugging tests were run primarily at the wellsite. A simple test device, the production screen tester or PST, was introduced by StatoilHydro 10 years ago as a quick field test to evaluate damage to production screens before physically running screens in a well. This modified API filtration cell models mud penetration of screen while running in the hole and can be predictive of plugging or collapse damage. The test itself records the time required for a volume of mud to flow at low pressure through an actual sample of the sand control screen. If flow through the screen is impeded the mud is judged as damaging to the screen and additional treatment is required delaying the completion operation.

Today, in Southeast Asia, both field and laboratory tests are used to quantify mud damage to completion screens early in the well planning and design phase.

At Scomi Oiltools we now routinely apply a proprietary laboratory device which quantitatively evaluates run-in-hole damage and models potential production screen damage which often occurs after screen placement. Scomi's Global Research & Technology Centre ("GRTC") has designed and developed a novel filtration and flow system using a specialised screen-holder that models an integrated sequence of cake building, screen running, and flowback procedures. Thus, a detailed evaluation for both conventional and expandable screens is possible without repeated assembly and disassembly causing disturbance of a developed mud cake.

Pressure drop across a screen coupon resulting from precise control of fluid flow across the screen is measured in realtime while running the test. Screen damage is evaluated in much the same way that core damage is measured in return permeability tests. Reports of flowrate and pressure response are compiled when comparing performance of different mud recipes and their effect on screen designs provided by Weatherford, Halliburton, and Schlumberger. The measurement data allows Scomi engineers to design a fluid that can eliminate screen plugging. The test has supported successful completions since 2006 and is now requested by regional operators early in the well design phase.

This new device provides several advantages:

1. it allows study of mud flow over a wide range of pressure and flowrates; at run-in-hole through screen flow and also at calculated flow initiation of reservoir fluids after screens have been placed,
2. permits mud cake build up on either reservoir sand bed, reservoir rock sample, or on a standard ceramic disk,
3. enables prediction of damage due to flowback of whole mud lost to the reservoir during drilling operation, and
4. allows adjustments for compliant and non-compliant screen placement during flowback tests.

The new test device is versatile. Prototypes of the current device have been applied to a range of projects specifying conventional, expandable, and premium screens with swellable packers in vertical and horizontal wells. Another related project modeled extended mud cake development of 10 drilling fluids to study potential damage by flowback of thick mud cake and formation fluids on the screens used in MDT tools.

The results have been outstanding wherever this Scomi Oiltools technology has been applied. Screen performance tests have been used to design drilling fluid recipes and establish treatment principles for wells in Bangladesh, India, Thailand, and Malaysia. Prototype development has been ongoing since 2006 when the first work was performed on expandable Weatherford screens for Cairn Energy. Since then Scomi has continuously improved the design and has streamlined testing and improved accuracy with reductions in cake and fluid manipulation.

Currently, GRTC is conducting a study using this device with Sarawak Shell Berhad to formulate a suitable synthetic-based drill-in fluid to produce a gauge hole, minimum formation damage, and unrestricted production through a range of sand screen types. The tests were performed with both sieved and unsieved mud with addition of shale cuttings to model incorporation of drilled solids and use of shale shakers. Complete procedures have been tested and to date, the device continues to provide repeatable and useful information.

These tests will be followed by wellbore cleanup studies in the event synthetic based reservoir drill in fluids are to be replaced by brines for completing the wells. Core injection with mud filtrate and return permeability on reservoir rock will also be carried out as part of a thorough completion evaluation. Core flow tests will be conducted with a cooperating partner, the Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS.

Scomi Oiltools prototype equipment has given confidence in design and development of fluid formulations for water based, synthetic based and formate muds applying both ultrafine grind and API barite as well as sized calcium carbonate. Drilling and completion engineers will appreciate the opportunity to build an unbiased understanding of the performance of different fluid types in multiple completion scenarios. The work is performed at the Kuala Lumpur fluid laboratory and applied in successful open hole completions across Southeast Asia.

The flow-back characteristics of drill-in fluids are critical to the productivity of a well. If the fluid plugs the production screen, it will not only slow down production, but it could also lead to screen erosion and costly remediation.The PST is designed to test flow-back of completion fluids on the rig site. It is no longer necessary to ship fluid samples back to the lab and delay the completion operation for days or weeks. Field fluids can be tested in real time with samples of the actual production screen being used down hole.The PST now makes it possible to determine if the fluid remaining in the annulus will flow back through the production screen.The Production Screen Tester is similar to the standard API filter press both in appearance and operation. The user assembles a test cell with a sample of the production screen at the bottom. After filling the cell with fluid, he applies pressure and opens a valve at the bottom. The test will very quickly show whether the screen and fluid are compatible, or if plugging is a possibility. And the apparatus is simple enough that new screen samples can be installed and tested quickly and easily.

二、  型号及规格

 PST69

北京科氏力科学仪器有限公司

网址：http:///

邮箱：coriolis@163.com

电话：18514528620

地址：北京朝阳区水岸南街16号楼11层

邮编：100012

开户银行：中国民生银行北京奥运村支行

帐号：696753141

税号：91110105MA003AF066

我公司是专为化学实验室、生物实验室、钻井液实验室、完井液实验室、油井水泥实验室、废水实验室等石油工业提供测试仪器和试剂的专业公司。可为所有客户提供卓越的全程服务。
   高温高压不锈钢陈化釜 老化罐及聚四氟内衬可配备加压装置，为样品加压，可使样品在高于水沸点的温度条件下，仍保持液体状态。该老化罐可用于在一定温度和老化时间下，在滚子炉中静态或动态老化样品。
   高温高压不锈钢陈化釜 老化罐及聚四氟内衬有260ml和500ml两种款式，采用氟橡胶或特氟龙密封圈。老化罐材质主要为不锈钢（303等级或316等级），可耐高温测试（达315℃）。为了提高高温下的抗盐能力，也提供哈氏合金或铬镍铁合金600材质老化罐。假如使用老化罐特氟龙内衬的话，老化罐还可用于强腐蚀性液体。
    为了进行挂片腐蚀性测试，可配备独特的老化罐内盖。这种独特的内盖设计可固定住腐蚀测试挂片，可以进行滚动或者静止的挂片腐蚀性测试。
 

聚四氟内衬用于500mL高温老化罐内盛装含有强腐蚀性成份（如酸、碱、盐）的泥浆样品、压裂液可其他样品，避免样品直接接触老化罐而将其腐蚀，也可用于研究泥浆材料在高温环境（超过200多度）下的性质，避免泥浆中的样品在高温环境下腐蚀老化罐。

我公司另外供应：

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油井水泥测试仪器：高温高压稠化仪；高温高压养护釜；高温高压流变仪；常温常压稠化仪；进口国产12速旋转粘度计；恒速搅拌器；超声波水泥强度测试仪；压力水泥强度测试仪。

压裂液测试仪器：瓜尔胶搅拌器；WY-2B吴茵混调器；瓜尔胶专用粘度计；压裂液专用高温高压流变仪；压裂液专用高温高压粘度计。

黄原胶测试仪器：黄原胶专用搅拌器；黄原胶专用六速旋转粘度计；黄原胶专用高温高压粘度计；黄原胶专用高温高压粘度计；高温滚子炉；老化罐；聚四氟内衬；中压失水仪；高温高压失水仪。

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纤维素改性淀粉测试仪器：专用旋转粘度计；变频高速搅拌器；大功率搅拌器；大容量纤维素专用变频高速搅拌器；高温滚子炉；老化罐；聚四氟内衬；中压失水仪；高温高压失水仪。

化学试剂类：英国评价土；粘度计校正用标准油20cp、50cp、100cp、200cp、500cp、1000cp、2000cp、3000cp、5000cp；凹凸棒土；标准土；钠基准土；钙基准土；堵漏剂；增粘剂；高膨胀量钙基准土；各类标准液；缓冲液；ph缓冲液；加热油；导热油；压力油，振动筛校正用标准颗粒。