小动物呼吸代谢测量仪器技术方案助力蝙蝠呼吸代谢研究
2026-06-23 来源:本站 点击次数:208
东北师范大学环境学院-动物行为生态与保护生物学课题组林爱青教授团队于2026年4月在《Ecology》发表了题为 《Auditory Prey Specialization Sustains Fat-Deposition-Free Winter Survival in Morpho-Acoustically Adapted Bats》的研究，利用易科泰生态技术公司提供的小动物呼吸代谢测量仪器技术等方案，测定大耳菊头蝠与同域菊头蝠静息耗氧、二氧化碳释放速率，以验证 “低体重、无脂肪储备是否依靠更低基础代谢维持能量平衡”动物越冬假说。
大耳菊头蝠复合群是理想模式生物，用于探究行为特化、生态位独占如何塑造小型哺乳动物应对季节胁迫的适应对策。本研究提出假说：食性生态位特化可驱动越冬策略适应性分化。特化物种能利用同域竞争者无法获取的猎物资源；通过冬季持续特化觅食，降低对脂肪囤积、代谢抑制的依赖。
在基础代谢率测定中，使用易科泰2020年提供的开放式气流呼吸代谢系统，单只蝙蝠放入舱内静置适应20分钟，数据采集流程：10分钟基线→40分钟正式测定→10分钟后基线，每秒采集一组数据，通过ExpeData软件计算耗氧速率。代谢测定在蝙蝠自然活跃时段（19:30–03:30）开展，全部实验结束后将蝙蝠放回湖南娄底溶洞。 
本研究提供坚实实证，证明资源特化型越冬路径真实可行：蝙蝠依靠形态、声学与行为协同适应，独占专属猎物资源，演化出完全无需秋季囤积脂肪的新型越冬策略。
附部分国际其它蝙蝠代谢研究先进装置及参考文献目录： 
国际高端蝙蝠代谢测试装置：包括VISIR高清视频动物行为、分级运动跑台、呼吸气体同位素、多通道气体交换测量、进气气体浓度控制、高精度温度控制模块、性能各异的主机单元等。
Acosta-Luzuriaga, E. D., Medina-Bello, K. I., & Ayala-Berdon, J. (2026). Linking energy metabolism and echolocation: the relationship between basal metabolic rate and peak frequency in bats. Bioacoustics, 35(2), 203–219. https://doi.org/10.1080/09524622.2026.2623235
Ayala-Berdon, J., & Medina-Bello, K. I. (2024). Torpor energetics are related to the interaction between body mass and climate in bats of the family Vespertilionidae. Journal of Experimental Biology, 227(18), jeb246824.
Ayala-Berdon, J., Medina-Bello, K. I., Orozco-Lugo, L., Íñiguez-Dávalos, I., Guillén-Servent, A., & Martínez-Gómez, M. (2025). Linking digestive efficiency and climate to basal metabolic rate in bats of the family vespertilionidae. Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 195(5), 577-587.
Ayala-Berdon, J., Medina-Bello, K. I., Schondube, J. E., & Martínez-Gómez, M. (2026). Energy intake, body mass, and ambient temperature jointly regulate torpid metabolic rate in the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus).
Chalwin-Milton, O. J., Freeman, M. T., & McKechnie, A. E. (2024). Heat tolerance and evaporative cooling capacity in an arid-zone elephant shrew. Mammalian Biology, 104(5), 549-557.
de Mel, R. K., Baloun, D. E., Baniya, S., Cabral de Mel, S. J., & Czenze, Z. J. (2026). Thermoregulatory strategies in the heat varies among Australian insectivorous bats. Scientific Reports.
De Mel, R. K., Baloun, D. E., Freeman, M. T., Probert, A. F., Cangemi, T. B., Watters, T. K., ... & Czenze, Z. J. (2025). Using physiology to unravel the implications of heatwaves for big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus). Journal of Experimental Biology, 228(20), jeb251228.
de Mel, R. K., Baniya, S., & Czenze, Z. J. (2025). How to keep your cool: heat tolerance and thermoregulatory strategies of a cold adapted insectivorous bat. Oecologia, 207(8), 136.
Giacometti, D., & Tattersall, G. J. (2025). Seasonal plasticity in the thermal sensitivity of metabolism but not water loss in a fossorial ectotherm. Oecologia, 207(5), 67.
Juárez, L. E., García-Torres, E., Pérez-Roldán, H., Rödel, H. G., Hudson, R., & Bautista, A. (2026). Thermal niches within the nest contribute to the long-term development of individual differences in metabolic rate in an altricial mammal. Physiology & Behavior, 115395.
Komar, E., Szafrańska, P. A., Dechmann, D. K., Keicher, L., Koprowska, D., Shipley, J. R., & Ruczyński, I. (2025). Positive consequences of group living among male bats during spermatogenesis. Journal of Experimental Biology, 228(6), jeb250058.
Rossi GS, Welch KC Jr. Vampire bats rapidly fuel running with essential or non-essential amino acids from a blood meal. Biol Lett. 2024 Nov;20(11):20240453. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0453.
Wolf, J. M., Lehmann, P., & Kerth, G. (2025). Field respirometry in a wild maternity colony of Bechstein's bats (Myotis bechsteinii) indicates high metabolic costs above but not below the thermoneutral zone. Journal of Experimental Biology, 228(2), JEB249975.
Wu, N. C., Villada‐Cadavid, T., & Turbill, C. (2026). Local climate and genetic influence on intraspecific variation in torpor physiology of a cave‐roosting bat. Functional Ecology, 40(4), 857-867.
- 研究背景
大耳菊头蝠复合群是理想模式生物，用于探究行为特化、生态位独占如何塑造小型哺乳动物应对季节胁迫的适应对策。本研究提出假说：食性生态位特化可驱动越冬策略适应性分化。特化物种能利用同域竞争者无法获取的猎物资源；通过冬季持续特化觅食，降低对脂肪囤积、代谢抑制的依赖。
- 研究方法与核心设备
在基础代谢率测定中，使用易科泰2020年提供的开放式气流呼吸代谢系统，单只蝙蝠放入舱内静置适应20分钟，数据采集流程：10分钟基线→40分钟正式测定→10分钟后基线，每秒采集一组数据，通过ExpeData软件计算耗氧速率。代谢测定在蝙蝠自然活跃时段（19:30–03:30）开展，全部实验结束后将蝙蝠放回湖南娄底溶洞。
- 研究结果
附部分国际其它蝙蝠代谢研究先进装置及参考文献目录：
Acosta-Luzuriaga, E. D., Medina-Bello, K. I., & Ayala-Berdon, J. (2026). Linking energy metabolism and echolocation: the relationship between basal metabolic rate and peak frequency in bats. Bioacoustics, 35(2), 203–219. https://doi.org/10.1080/09524622.2026.2623235
Ayala-Berdon, J., & Medina-Bello, K. I. (2024). Torpor energetics are related to the interaction between body mass and climate in bats of the family Vespertilionidae. Journal of Experimental Biology, 227(18), jeb246824.
Ayala-Berdon, J., Medina-Bello, K. I., Orozco-Lugo, L., Íñiguez-Dávalos, I., Guillén-Servent, A., & Martínez-Gómez, M. (2025). Linking digestive efficiency and climate to basal metabolic rate in bats of the family vespertilionidae. Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 195(5), 577-587.
Ayala-Berdon, J., Medina-Bello, K. I., Schondube, J. E., & Martínez-Gómez, M. (2026). Energy intake, body mass, and ambient temperature jointly regulate torpid metabolic rate in the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus).
Chalwin-Milton, O. J., Freeman, M. T., & McKechnie, A. E. (2024). Heat tolerance and evaporative cooling capacity in an arid-zone elephant shrew. Mammalian Biology, 104(5), 549-557.
de Mel, R. K., Baloun, D. E., Baniya, S., Cabral de Mel, S. J., & Czenze, Z. J. (2026). Thermoregulatory strategies in the heat varies among Australian insectivorous bats. Scientific Reports.
De Mel, R. K., Baloun, D. E., Freeman, M. T., Probert, A. F., Cangemi, T. B., Watters, T. K., ... & Czenze, Z. J. (2025). Using physiology to unravel the implications of heatwaves for big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus). Journal of Experimental Biology, 228(20), jeb251228.
de Mel, R. K., Baniya, S., & Czenze, Z. J. (2025). How to keep your cool: heat tolerance and thermoregulatory strategies of a cold adapted insectivorous bat. Oecologia, 207(8), 136.
Giacometti, D., & Tattersall, G. J. (2025). Seasonal plasticity in the thermal sensitivity of metabolism but not water loss in a fossorial ectotherm. Oecologia, 207(5), 67.
Juárez, L. E., García-Torres, E., Pérez-Roldán, H., Rödel, H. G., Hudson, R., & Bautista, A. (2026). Thermal niches within the nest contribute to the long-term development of individual differences in metabolic rate in an altricial mammal. Physiology & Behavior, 115395.
Komar, E., Szafrańska, P. A., Dechmann, D. K., Keicher, L., Koprowska, D., Shipley, J. R., & Ruczyński, I. (2025). Positive consequences of group living among male bats during spermatogenesis. Journal of Experimental Biology, 228(6), jeb250058.
Rossi GS, Welch KC Jr. Vampire bats rapidly fuel running with essential or non-essential amino acids from a blood meal. Biol Lett. 2024 Nov;20(11):20240453. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0453.
Wolf, J. M., Lehmann, P., & Kerth, G. (2025). Field respirometry in a wild maternity colony of Bechstein's bats (Myotis bechsteinii) indicates high metabolic costs above but not below the thermoneutral zone. Journal of Experimental Biology, 228(2), JEB249975.
Wu, N. C., Villada‐Cadavid, T., & Turbill, C. (2026). Local climate and genetic influence on intraspecific variation in torpor physiology of a cave‐roosting bat. Functional Ecology, 40(4), 857-867.
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