“冷热” 肿瘤如何划分?根据肿瘤微环境中免疫细胞的空间分布情况,将肿瘤分为三种基本的免疫表型:免疫炎症型、免疫排斥型和免疫沙漠型。其中免疫炎性肿瘤即为 “热肿瘤”,免疫排斥瘤和免疫沙漠瘤皆可称为 “冷肿瘤”。
简单来讲,“冷”肿瘤缺乏先天免疫,而在“热” 肿瘤中,免疫细胞较为活跃,其内环境也被大量的 T 细胞所浸润。
图 3. NK-DC 细胞互相干扰[15] 。
NK 细胞被靶肿瘤细胞或细胞因子激活后,会产生 IFN-γ 和肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF)-α,从而促进 DC 成熟。DC 的成熟也强烈依赖于 NK 细胞上激活受体(例如 NKp30 和 NKG2D)的参与。成熟的 DC (mDC) 反过来会产生白细胞介素 (IL)-12、IL-15 和 IL-18,增强 NK 细胞的细胞毒性和 IFN-γ 分泌。NK细胞还可以通过激活 NKp30 和抑制性杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体以及 NKG2A/CD94 来区分未成熟(iDC)和 mDC 并消除未成熟 DC(iDC),从而维持 mDC 群体的质量(DC editing)。浆细胞样 DC (pDC) 分泌的 IFN-α 可以进一步增强 NK 细胞的细胞毒性。NK 诱导的肿瘤细胞裂解提供抗原,该抗原可以被 DC 吸收用于抗原呈递。一旦成熟,负载抗原的 mDC 将迁移到肿瘤引流淋巴结,将肿瘤抗原交叉呈递给初始 T 细胞,并诱导其分化为肿瘤特异性 CD8+ 细胞毒性 T 细胞和 CD4+ T 辅助 1 (Th1) 细胞。
以上的治疗方法中溶瘤病毒疗法以及肿瘤疫苗是被认为具有强大抗癌活性的新兴疗法。
:溶瘤病毒疗法
溶瘤病毒疗法不仅能够选择性的使肿瘤溶解外,而且通过溶瘤病毒裂解肿瘤细胞而诱导释放的 TAA、PAMP、DAMP 等可以激活体内的先天性和适应性免疫反应,改变肿瘤的免疫微环境使冷肿瘤变为热肿瘤[23]。在实际的应用中,T-VEC 就被证实是可以有效治疗黑色素瘤的溶瘤病毒[24]。临床上联合应用帕博利珠单抗能增加黑色素瘤患者的 CD8+ 细胞浸润及活化[25]。
:肿瘤疫苗
但无论是哪种治疗,最后都离不开肿瘤机制的探索,每一种机制的发现都会为我们的肿瘤治疗带来指导性的意义。
▐ MedChemExpressMCE 可提供 20,000+ 个用于肿瘤研究的相关产品及试剂,其中也包括肿瘤免疫微环境相关产品。
BIO8898 BIO8898 是一种有效的 CD40-CD154 抑制剂。BIO8898 抑制可溶性 CD40L 与 CD40-Ig 的结合, IC50 值为 25 µM。BIO8898 抑制 CD40L 诱导的细胞凋亡。 |
Mitazalimab Mitazalimab (ADC-1013; JNJ-64457107) 是 FcγR 依赖性 CD40 激动剂,具有肿瘤导向活性。Mitazalimab 激活抗原呈递细胞,例如 树突状细胞 (DC),以启动肿瘤反应性 T 细胞。因此,Mitazalimab 诱导肿瘤特异性 T 细胞浸润并杀死肿瘤。Mitazalimab 可重塑肿瘤浸润性骨髓微环境。 |
TGFβ1-IN-1 TGFβ1-IN-1 (compound 42) 是一种有效的、具有口服活性的 TGF-β1 抑制剂。TGFβ1-IN-1 可以抑制 TGF-β1 诱导的纤维化标志物(α-SMA 和纤连蛋白)的上调,可用于肝纤维化疾病研究。 |
SRI-011381 hydrochloride SRI-011381 hydrochloride 是一种有具有口服生物活性的 TGF-β 信号通路的激活剂,具有神经保护作用。 |
PD-1-IN-18 PD-1-IN-18 是 PD1 信号通路抑制剂,是一种免疫调节剂。 |
CL845 CL845 是 STING 激动剂 CL656 (HY-112878) 的类似物。CL845 可用于合成靶向 STING(干扰素基因刺激物)的可结合 PRR 配体。CL845 可用于癌症、免疫系统疾病或感染的研究。 |
MCE的所有产品仅用作科学研究或药证申报,我们不为任何个人用途提供产品和服务。
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